• bunch of charged particles excites damped oscillation in electronic circuit of the RT
• oscillation amplitude is proportional to total charge of particle bunch
• existing GSI RT: signal fed to peak detector prone to noise at maximum position
• large dynamic range: ~ 120 dB.
• typical resolution: ~10 pCRMS (6×10^7 protons)
• for high current operation resolution drops to 100 nC (6×10^11 protons)

→ insufficient e.g. for transmission control